서론 제1장 요쿄쿠 『나니와』와 왕인 제2장 문화의 도래와 수용 제3장 요쿄쿠 『백낙천』에 표현된 이문화의 침략과 격퇴 제4장 칼의 전쟁에서 붓의 전쟁으로 결론

The aim of this paper is the comparative study between Yokoku 『Naniwa』and 『Hakurakuten』 which was written in medieval ages, with the view of the advent and the aggression. These two works are written about foreigners who wanted to come to Japan for the purpose of spreading their culture. And more over the writers of these two books are assumed as one man whose name is Zeami. Even though the writer of Yokoku 『Naniwa』 and 『Hakurakuten』 are regarded as one man Zeami, but these two books have difference. The leading characters of these two books, Wani and Hakurakuten, were described as conflicting positions. Wani, the leading character of 『Naniwa』 showed the shape of teacher and the communicator of chinese culture and books to Japanese. So he was described as the trader who had the perspective. But Hakurakuten, the leading character of 『Hakurakuten』 showed the shape of the imperialist of high culture. Thus he was described as a failed trader who had only cultural unification. But inspite of antipathy against Japanese, Hakurakuten was the scale of cultural difference, and furthemore he became the step stone of cultural ripening. Finally 『Hakurakuten』 showed a way of cultural trad with invasion and rejection.